How to Control Cholesterol levels and How much is desirable cholesterol level?


Cholesterol Control Guide

How much is desirable cholesterol level and how to Control cholesterol levels?

Desirable cholesterol levels can vary depending on the specific type of cholesterol. Here are the generally recommended levels:

Cholesterol range

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol: LDL cholesterol is often referred to as “bad” cholesterol because high levels of it can increase the risk of heart disease. The desirable LDL cholesterol level depends on the individual’s risk factors for heart disease.

In general, the following guidelines are recommended:

  • For individuals at low risk: Less than 130 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L)
  • For individuals at intermediate risk: Less than 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L)
  • For individuals at high risk or those with existing heart disease: Less than 70 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L)

High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol: HDL cholesterol is often referred to as “good” cholesterol because it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream. Higher levels of HDL cholesterol are generally desirable. An HDL level of 60 mg/dL (1.6 mmol/L) or higher is considered protective against heart disease, while levels below 40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) for men or 50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) for women are considered low.

Total cholesterol: The total cholesterol level includes both LDL and HDL cholesterol. Generally, a desirable total cholesterol level is below 200 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L). However, it’s important to consider the individual’s LDL and HDL cholesterol levels within the total cholesterol reading.

To control cholesterol levels, here are some strategies:

  1. Healthy diet: Eat a balanced diet that includes whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Limit the intake of saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol-rich foods.
  2. Regular exercise: Engage in regular physical activity, such as brisk walking, jogging, cycling, or swimming. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week.
  3. Weight management: Maintain a healthy weight or lose weight if necessary, as excess weight can contribute to higher cholesterol levels.
  4. Quit smoking: Smoking can lower HDL cholesterol and increase LDL cholesterol. Quitting smoking can improve your cholesterol profile and overall heart health.
  5. Limit alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can increase cholesterol levels. It’s recommended to limit alcohol consumption to moderate levels (up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men).
  6. Medications: In some cases, lifestyle changes may not be enough to control cholesterol levels. Your doctor may prescribe medications such as statins to help manage high cholesterol levels. Now a days new medicines including PCSK9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, ezetimib etc are available if statins are unable to reduce cholesterol sufficiently.

Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood. They are the most common form of fat in the body and are primarily derived from the foods we eat. Triglycerides serve as a source of energy for the body, but high levels of triglycerides can increase the risk of heart disease.

It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine your specific cholesterol targets and develop a personalized plan to control your cholesterol levels effectively. Diabetes patients are at higher risk of dyslipidemia and should consult with their Diabetologist regarding the same. Higher sugar levels makes blood more viscous or thick and can lead to blockages and attack.

Dr. Nikhil Prabhu ( Diabetes Specialist )

Dr Nikhil Prabhu is a consultant Diabetologist from mumbai. he has been practicing for more than 10 years and currently over 7000 patients are under his treatment for diabetes and thyroid disorder from mumbai and navi mumbai area. | you can book his appointment for tele-consultation on 9082523295 | follow us on YouTube for more diabetes & health related tips

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Top 10 Gadgets for Diabetes Home Management

Inroduction:

One of the most important and ubiquitous public health problems on the globe is diabetes. The fact that there is now no known treatment for diabetes makes it frightening, therefore, patients must learn to control their condition through regular monitoring to make sure their blood glucose levels stay balanced.

Cut to chase:

Medical science has reached its zenith in the past decade. In India and around the world, readily accessible technology and products are essential for ongoing health monitoring. With a range of new science and technological advancements, diabetic devices and anti-diabetic products continue to hold the promise of making diabetes easier to control.

Today, we’ll talk about a few innovative new health-related gadgets and products that not only impress the diabetologist but could also inspire and motivate people with the disease, who are seeking for ways to simplify their lives and make it easier to manage their own health.

1. Glucometer

These days’ glucometers are easier to use than ever. The glucose meter measures the amount of glucose present in any solution, in this case, blood. It is important to measure even the low blood sugar symptoms

For the patients, it is important that the glucose test be as painless and unobtrusive as possible. including advanced glucose meters, continuous glucose monitors (CGM), and insulin pumps.

Modern, advanced glucometers are entirely painless. Now, blood glucose levels can be measured directly from the skin without a prick and a messy procedure using artificial intelligence and sensor fusion. Skin sensors, transmitters, and a smartphone app record the monitored data daily and transfer the same to your diabetologist.

Continuous glucose monitoring is a wearable device that measures glucose around the clock.
A tiny sensor will be automatically inserted under your skin on either your arm or your abdomen. Your intercell glucose level, or the glucose present in the fluid between cells, is measured by the sensor.

CGM is not for everyone. But is it for you?
Erratic unstable glucose levels
wishing to lower their HbA1c levels

2. Glucometer strips

Available with the glucometer kit, this is the basis of a sugar test at home. It is the corridor that suckers up your blood blob. Blood glucose reacts with a glucose oxidase-containing enzyme electrode in the strip (or dehydrogenase) to give you a reading.
The glucose reaction generates an electrical signal when the strip is placed into the meter. The glucometer is calibrated so that the number shown in its digital readout reflects the strength of this electrical current; the higher the number, the higher the sugar levels!

3. Artificial sweetner

Everyone finds it difficult to manage their sweet tooth; “khaane ke baad kuch meetha ho jaye?” but type 2 diabetics must be especially careful about how much sugar and other carbohydrates they ingest. Hence, there are sugar substitutes or commonly called sugar free:

Artificial sweetning agents or sugar substitutes are of 2 tyes:
Nutritive These provide calories and can affect your blood sugar.
Nonnutritive These provide little to no calories will not raise your blood sugar
To name a few sucralose, saccharin, aspartame, stevia, erythritol, acesulfame potassium (this is the one in diet soda), and many more.

Let’s understand the benefits of these:

  • Maintains blood sugar status
  • Does not cause weight gain
  • Prevents tooth cavities


Risks:

Don’t overuse it. The brain becomes tolerant of sugar substitutes and may even cease to react when there has been a real instance of sugar overload.

4. Diabetic Friendly Chappals

Orthopedic and diabetic footwear is made to reduce the symptoms of various foot conditions, including those caused by diabetes. They improve gait (walking pattern), cushion the foot properly for motion comfort, and aid in deformity correction. They should be ideal for both indoor and outdoor use.

Diabetics who experience burning feet may eventually develop ulcers and gangrene.
Wearing footwear with a specific design can help reduce this risk by encouraging healthy circulation in your feet.

A few mandatory features of diabetic friendly chappals include:

  • Relieves Foot Pain.
  • Skin friendly, enhance comfort and protection
  • Provide Arch Support
  • Increases blood circulation
  • Prevents slipping

  

 

5. Skin nourisher and moisturizer :

Dermatologists advise that proper skin care is essential for managing diabetes. Diabetes dry skin, infection, an open sore, or a wound that won’t heal can all be avoided with proper skin care.
You can treat and avert skin changes by taking good care of your skin.

Having diabetes frequently results in extremely dry skin. Skin cracks have the potential to form, widen, and bleed. Your chance of getting a serious infection rises as a result of these deep cracks. Keeping your skin moisturized helps to make it flexible and supple.

6. Blood pressure Measurement:

Diabetes hardens blood vessel walls, restricting blood flow – as a result, raising blood pressure. Diabetic hypertension is a real problem. High blood pressure has the potential to either cause or exacerbate a wide range of diabetic complications, including diabetic kidney disease, diabetic eye disease, and even stroke.

7. Pulse Oximeter :

Pulse oximetry may not be the best method for determining the blood oxygenation level in people with type 2 diabetes. The partial pressure of O2 is overestimated when blood HbA1c levels are elevated, indicating that a blood gas analysis may be required for type 2 diabetic patients to see the real picture when treating hypoxemia.

Type 1 diabetes patients have low blood oxygenation levels. Keep an oximeter by your bedside to keep an eye on any subtle changes.

8. Thermometer :

Skin temperature monitoring is essential for diabetics. Dermal thermometry has become a useful tool for predicting the onset of ulceration in diabetic neuropathy who can detect high-temperature differences between their feet. Normal thermometers are very useful while fever monitoring due to any cause and diabetics should keep it handy.

9. Weighing scale :

Weight management in diabetes is crucial. Two kinds of weighing scales, one for the kitchen and one for the bathroom, are a must for diabetics. Weighing your meals strictly maintains the diet. Use the other scale wisely to closely monitor your body weight.

 

Remember, do not obsess over weighing scales and numbers. Stressing out is even worse for diabetics.

10. Heating mats :

Heating pads, electric blankets, hot water bottles, or even extremely hot baths can all be relaxing and soothing, but for someone with diabetes, they can be dangerous.

For easing body aches, joint pains, muscle cramps, and stiffness, heating pads are a convenient and simple solution. It provides heat therapy, which ultimately helps our body relax, and this heat therapy offers a soothing effect to the region where it is applied. Diabetic neuropathy can cause numbness, which can ultimately lead to the loss of touch and temperature sensations in your hands and feet. This may lead to unintentional burns from heating mats.

 

Conclusion :

Diabetes is a lifestyle disease and can be controlled if you are motivated in doing so.

Dr. Nikhil Prabhu ( Diabetes Specialist )

Dr Nikhil Prabhu is a consultant Diabetologist from mumbai. he has been practicing for more than 10 years and currently over 7000 patients are under his treatment for diabetes and thyroid disorder from mumbai and navi mumbai area. | you can book his appointment for tele-consultation on 9082523295 | follow us on YouTube for more diabetes & health related tips

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What is Gestational Diabetes & Its Complications if Untreated ?

What is Gestational Diabetes ?

When a woman develops high blood sugar levels 1st time during her pregnancy (usually during 2nd or 3rd trimester) is known as Gestational diabetes. It is normally disappears after delivery but may remain persistent in around 2-4% women. women with history of gestational diabetes have higher chances of getting type 2 diabetes in future.

Some women may have Type 2 diabetes before pregnancy & they conceive. In such women high  blood sugar levels will remain persistent even after delivery.

 

Gestational Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes

Causes of gestational Diabetes (GDM):

Normally Obese or overweight females are more prone to get gestational diabetes. Insulin resistance is main cause of GDM.  In normal pregnancy around 6-8 Kg weight gain occurs.

In 2nd trimester Placental Lactogen (HPL) hormone level starts increasing in blood it helps increase in insulin resistance further and precipitates Gestational Diabetes.

 

Symptoms of Gestational Diabetes :

most of the women do not show any symptoms of gestational diabetes and it is often detected during routine sugar test. some may suffer following symptoms :

  • increase in urination
  • increase in thirst
  • extreme tiredness
  • dryness of mouth

most of these symptoms are normally present during normal pregnancy and often goes unnoticed.

Screening :

  • screening for Random Blood Sugar (RBS) test before pregnancy and during 2nd or 3rd trimester is important
  • OGTT with 75 g glucose is confirmatory
  • HbA1c (Glycosylated Hb) & Fructosamine tests are not useful for early detection

Treatment :

Insulin injection regime is only approved therapy during gestational diabetes.

previously only regular insulin (Human Actrapid/ Huminsulin R/ Insugen R) and NPH (Insulatard) was approved.

Now some faster and longer acting insulin analogues are approved as a treatment for gestational diabetes including Lispro (Humalog/ Eglucent), Aspart (Novorapid), Glulisine (Apidra) Faster and detemir (levemir) Longer.

During Gestational diabetes or during pregnancy only Safe anti-diabetic drug is Metformin.

Maximum Dose –  2000 mg / day

majority of time metformin alone is not able to control blood sugar levels and insulin is necessary.

Other drugs including sulfonylureas, glitazones,DPP4 inhibitors, alfa glucosidase and SGLT2 inhibitors  should be avoided.

SMBG monitoring is very important during Gestational Diabetes.

It is always advisable to consult your Diabetologist regularly with SMBG to titrate your insulin dose during gestational diabetes to get a favourable outcome.

Complications of Gestational diabetes :

If your blood sugar levels remains high during gestation or pregnancy then they may lead to following problems :

  • Premature Birth
  • Miscarriage
  • May need labour induction
  • Pre-eclampsia or Hypertension
  • Cesarian section
  • Macrosomia – weight more than 4 kg in indians ( Size may cause stress, obstruction and complications during delivery) ( Large babies are often observe if maternal sugars are higher in last trimester)
  • Perinatal Death – Stillborns are common
  • neonatal Hypoglycemia – newborn with low blood sugars
  • neonatal jaundice – jaundice in newborn
  • long term complications include Higher chances of gestational diabetes in next pregnancies or Type 2 diabetes in future for mother.

If you have any questions or doubts, feel free to ask me in comments !

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Dr. Nikhil Prabhu ( Diabetes Specialist )

Dr Nikhil Prabhu is a consultant Diabetologist from mumbai. he has been practicing for more than 10 years and currently over 7000 patients are under his treatment for diabetes and thyroid disorder from mumbai and navi mumbai area. | you can book his appointment for tele-consultation on 9082523295 | follow us on YouTube for more diabetes & health related tips

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Top 5 Tips To Prevent Diabetes

As you are already aware of increasing diabetes prevalence among indian population, it is very important to control and start preventive measures to control diabetes among us. To control diabetes it is important to control risk factors which predispose individual for getting diabetes.

Diabetes risk factors are either modifiable or non modifiable. certain risk factors like age, ethnicity, family hereditary etc are non modifiable or can not be changed but modifiable risk factors can be changed so that we can prevent or delay the disease.

based on modifiable risk factors following measures can prevent or delay the diabetes.

diabetes prevention
Image Credits : diabeteshelpsa.com

Tips to Prevent Diabetes :

  1. Staying Lean : Weight loss by means of diet and exercise helps to prevent or delay the disease. According to broca’s index Ideal weight (in Kgs) = Height (in cms) – 100         for example if a person’s height is 172 cms then his ideal weight is roughly 72 kgs.  If you are not able to loose weight even after 3 months of diet and exercise then certain weight loss medication like metformin, orlistat etc can be started but it is necessary to consult a diabetologist or weight loss specialist before starting such medication.
  2. Control Hypertension : restrictive salt intake and regular physical exercise helps to control your blood pressure. If your blood pressure is more than 140/90 mm of Hg even after regular exercise and diet restriction consult your physician to start anti-hypertensive medication.
  3. Control Stress : Majority of people working in corporate surrounding in metro cities like mumbai suffer from work stress and tension.  In physical or mental stress situations body releases stress hormones (cortisol, epinephrine etc) which increases blood pressure and have action opposite to insulin (raises sugars). peaceful sleep of atleast 8 hours at night & other stress relieving remedies like music, yoga, meditation etc helps to control stress.
  4. Avoid Excess Alcohol intake : Alcohol abuse with or without carbonated drinks (fizz) gives you empty calories leading to weight gain. also may lead to hypertension and dislipidemia. Limit your alcohol intake to not more than 2 standard drinks for men and single drink for women at a time.
  5. Quit Smoking : Smoking is not only a risk factor for diabetes but also a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidities. Smokers have 2 times more risk of getting diabetes than  non smokers.

As you get older chances of getting diabetes increases so it is advisable to check your blood sugar levels every year when you are above 40 years of age.

You can also read my previous article on Calculating the risk of diabetes for better understanding.

If you found this article helpful, please share it with your friends & family.

Awareness is Prevention.

Dr. Nikhil Prabhu ( Diabetes Specialist )

Dr Nikhil Prabhu is a consultant Diabetologist from mumbai. he has been practicing for more than 10 years and currently over 7000 patients are under his treatment for diabetes and thyroid disorder from mumbai and navi mumbai area. | you can book his appointment for tele-consultation on 9082523295 | follow us on YouTube for more diabetes & health related tips

More Posts - Website

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