In normal individual blood sugar level is controlled by insulin hormone secreted by beta cells of pancreas. In diabetes person either do not produce insulin (type 1) or produce less insulin and/or its action is impaired (Type 2) so blood sugar level rises.
Following video is for easy understanding of insulin and glucose metabolism in diabetic person.
Dr Nikhil Prabhu is a consultant Diabetologist from mumbai. he has been practicing for more than 10 years and currently over 7000 patients are under his treatment for diabetes and thyroid disorder from mumbai and navi mumbai area. |
you can book his appointment for tele-consultation on 9082523295 |
follow us on YouTube for more diabetes & health related tips
In India, Diabetes prevalence is increasing day by day, 90-95% of diabetes belongs to type 2. Attributable risk factors include sedentary lifestyle, inappropriate meal pattern, lack of physical activity, lack of sleep , stress, alcohol abuse, smoking, etc which can be modified. Other risk factors like age, ethnicity, family history etc are inevitable to us.
Based on these risk factors following questionnaire will calculate your approximate risk of developing diabetes in the next 10 years. Those who are in Moderate to High risk should start appropriate interventions to prevent diabetes.
1] Your Gender
Female = 0 Points
Male = 1 Points
2] Your Age ?
<45 Years = 0 Points
45- 55 Years = 1 Points
55- 65 year = 2 Points
65+ = 3 Points
3] What is your ethnic Background ?
Only White European = 0 Points
Asian/Indians/Others = 1 Points
4] Do You have a relative with diabetes ?
None = 0 points
1 Parent or/and 1 sibling = 2 points
Both parents = 3 points
5] What is your waist circumference ?
< 90 cm = 0 points
90-100 cm = 1 points
100-110 cm = 2 Points
110+ cm = 3 Points
6] Body Mass Index (BMI) = Weight in Kg / Height in (Meter)2
For example a person with weight of 60 kg and height 155 cm will have BMI = 60/1.55 x 1.55 = 24.97
7] Are you taking medication for Hypertension or High Blood Pressure ?
No = 0 Points
Yes = 1 Points
8] Do you have previous history of Gestational ( Pregnancy ) Diabetes ?
Negative history = 0 Points
Positive history = 1 Points
9] Do you suffer from Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ( PCOS ) ?
No = 0 Points
Yes = 1 Points
10] Frequent Alcohol intake ?
No = 0 Points
Yes = 1 Points
11] Smoking ?
No = 0 Points
Yes = 1 Points
Interpretation:
Min Score = 0
Max Score = 18
Low Risk = Score between (0 – 6) = 1 in 20 people with this score will get diabetes in the next 10 years Moderate Risk = Score between (7 – 12) – 1 in 10 people with this score will get diabetes in the next 10 years High Risk = Score between (13 – 18) – 1 in 3 people with this score will get diabetes in the next 10 years
If you are in Moderate to High risk score table then it is advisable to consult a sugar specialist doctor immediately.
Explanation:
Men are at higher risk for developing diabetes than women with same BMI.
Chances of getting diabetes increases with age. Nowadays we can see even adolescents and younger adults developing type 2 diabetes.
Blacks, Hispanics, American Indians and Asian Americans are at higher risk than whites for developing type 2 diabetes.
If 1 parent or 1 sibling is diabetic then your chance of getting diabetes is 1 in 5 to 1 in 3. If both parents are diabetic then there is almost 80-90% chances of you getting diabetes.
Abdominal Obesity is the main culprit to cause diabetes especially in Indian population. Waist circumference (Females>80 cm, Males >90 cm) , waist to hip ratio( Females > 0.85, Males > 0.90) and BMI (>23 kg/m2) are good indicators to measure metabolic syndrome & obesity.
High blood pressure causes damage to heart,kidney,eyes and increases chances of getting stroke and diabetes.
History of hyperglycemia during pregnancy increases chances of getting diabetes in future life.
PCOS has background features of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
Alcohol abuse can lead to Pancreatitits and pancreatic damage.
Smoking cause decrease in HDL (good cholesterol) and increase in LDL (bad cholesterol) further leading to increased atherosclerosis.
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Dr Nikhil Prabhu is a consultant Diabetologist from mumbai. he has been practicing for more than 10 years and currently over 7000 patients are under his treatment for diabetes and thyroid disorder from mumbai and navi mumbai area. |
you can book his appointment for tele-consultation on 9082523295 |
follow us on YouTube for more diabetes & health related tips
In India, Diabetes is the leading cause of minor and major foot amputations. Prevalence of Diabetes is increasing day by day in India, becoming World’s capital of Diabetes by 2025 with over 80 million affected population as per Diabetes Foundation India.
There are four main reasons which increase the chances of foot ulcer & amputation:
Decreased blood flow to feet – Diabetic individuals have more accelerated & diffuse atherosclerosis throughout all major & minor blood vessels which leads to narrowing of blood vessels and poor circulation in feet.
Neuropathy – Majority of long standing diabetic individuals suffer from sensory motor & autonomic neuropathy i.e. nerve damage. Loss of pain sensation exposes foot to repeated trauma & injury. Autonomic neuropathy causes lack of sweating in foot area making it dry & prone to cracks and infection.
Loss of Arc – Long standing diabetes patients has lost the normal foot arc. Majority has clawed toes or Hammer toes, forward displacement of fat cushion below 1st metatarsal head, some have rocker bottom deformity, all this leading to abnormal weight bearing pressure points in foot (corns & callosities) and change of shape of foot. This abnormal shape foot doesn’t fit properly in normal footwares, causing further injuries.
Slowed Delayed healing – In diabetes Neutrophil functions is impaired. Further more inter connected foot compartments easily pass infection from one area to other. Poor blood supply again delays healing.
To avoid all this complications, it is necessary to take care of your foot from the start.
Following Diabetes Foot Care Tips will help you to keep your feet healthy :
Keep Your Blood Sugar in Target Range – HbA1c < 7
Do not walk bare foot even at home – Keep two separate pairs of footware for home & outdoors.
Inspect your feet everyday for blisters, cuts, redness, swelling, dryness, ingrown toenails, corns & callosities- use mirror to see bottom of foot.
Use special diabetes footware. Prefer using Ketto type sandels & shoes instead of slippers.
Wash your feet daily with warm water & mild soaps – check & confirm temperature of water with elbow before inserting feet into it. After washing, dry them thoroughly , even inter digit space.
Apply moisturizers on feet & lower leg to avoid dryness of skin – don’t apply between toes.
Cut toe nails carefully after bath when they are soft – avoid cutting cuticle & digging under toenails with sharp objects.
Use cotton or wool socks – change them daily, avoid too tight socks.
Wear properly fitting shoes with ample of cushioning. It is preferable to use leather shoes than synthetic material.
Always inspect your shoes or footwear for objects like metal pins, coins etc before wearing it.
Be physically more active – it increases blood supply to feet.
Do not cross legs for longer period while sitting, In spare free time move your feet up & down and rotate at ankle joint.
Quit smoking.
If you see cuts, corns, callosities, redness, blackening or delayed healing in minor cuts seek medical attention or consult your diabetes doctor immediately. Routine foot care & prompt attention to injuries can prevent foot problems from threatening your life and amputations.
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Dr Nikhil Prabhu is a consultant Diabetologist from mumbai. he has been practicing for more than 10 years and currently over 7000 patients are under his treatment for diabetes and thyroid disorder from mumbai and navi mumbai area. |
you can book his appointment for tele-consultation on 9082523295 |
follow us on YouTube for more diabetes & health related tips